But according to the authors of a new book, it simply isn't an accurate reflection of how people actually behave: morality, as understood and practiced by real-world human beings, doesn't always prohibit violence. In fact they make the case that most violence is motivated by morality.
Reactive aggression, also called impulsive, unplanned, hostile, expressive, affective, and hot-blooded (Ramirez and Andreu 2006), occurs in response to perceived provocation and in the presence of high arousal and anger (Bushman and Anderson 2001).
In sum, both dehumanization and objectification have been linked to physical violence against women, and objectification is further linked to blaming the victims of sexual aggression. The impact of objectification on rape victimization extends beyond negative perceptions of victims.
In psychology, the term aggression refers to a range of behaviors that can result in both physical and psychological harm to yourself, others, or objects in the environment. This type of behavior centers on harming another person either physically or mentally.
transitive verb. : to deprive (someone or something) of human qualities, personality, or dignity: such as. a : to subject (someone, such as a prisoner) to inhuman or degrading conditions or treatment "…
Research in Psychological Science, however, suggests that we can also dehumanize ourselves, setting into motion a cyclical process through which performing antisocial behavior causes us to view ourselves as less human, leading in turn to further antisocial action.
Instrumental crimes are those conducted for explicit, future goals (such as to acquire money or improve one's social position), whereas expressive offenses are often unplanned acts of anger, rage, or frustration (see Block 1976; Block and Christakos 1995; Block and Zimring 1973; Decker 1993; 1996; Siegel 1998).
A form of aggression against another person in which the aggression is used as a means of securing some reward or to achieve an external goal such as a victory. Unlike hostile aggression, harm to others is incidental and is not the perceived goal.
An examination of a constellation in Western literature that specifically deals with a borderline state between humanity and animality, showing different approaches to the problem of humanity and non-humanity through some of the major works in the modern Western literary canon.
In a world in which economic factors are given priority over ethical considerations in decision-making, humans lose their dignity. Economic forces, left unchecked by ethics, dehumanize through a strange inversion: economic entities gain autonomy while humans lose theirs.
The slave was deprived of personal liberty and the right to move about geographically as he desired. There were likely to be limits on his capacity to make choices with regard to his occupation and sexual partners as well. Slavery was usually, but not always, involuntary.
Modern forms of slavery can include debt bondage, where a person is forced to work for free to pay off a debt, child slavery, forced marriage, domestic servitude and forced labour, where victims are made to work through violence and intimidation. The BBC looks at five examples of modern slavery.
Many resisted slavery in a variety of ways, differing in intensity and methodology. Among the less obvious methods of resistance were actions such as feigning illness, working slowly, producing shoddy work, and misplacing or damaging tools and equipment.
The defenders of slavery included economics, history, religion, legality, social good, and even humanitarianism, to further their arguments.
Harriet Tubman escaped from slavery in the South to become a leading abolitionist before the American Civil War. She led hundreds of enslaved people to freedom in the North along the route of the Underground Railroad.
Chattel slavery is the most common form of slavery known to Americans. This system, which allowed people — considered legal property — to be bought, sold and owned forever, was lawful and supported by the United States and European powers from the 16th – 18th centuries.
Many slaves drew on African customs when they buried their dead. Conjurors adapted and blended African religious rites that made use of herbs and supernatural powers. Slaves also perpetuated a rich tradition of West and Central African parables, proverbs, verbal games, and legends.
Middle Passage, the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World.
