FCD-1 requires Federal Executive Branch organizations to incorporate continuity requirements into their daily operations to ensure seamless and immediate continuation of essential functions. Continuity planning will occur simultaneously with the development and execution of day-to-day organizational programs.
COGCON ("continuity of government readiness condition") is a United States government readiness level, roughly analogous to the DEFCON alert state system, tracking the readiness of the government in the event of an emergency. The system was introduced in National Security Presidential Directive 51, signed by George W.
Continuity of Government is a coordinated effort within each of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches to ensure that governance and essential functions continue to be performed before, during, and after an emergency.
Continuity of government (COG) is the principle of establishing defined procedures that allow a government to continue its essential operations in case of a catastrophic event such as nuclear war.
§ 19). This runs from the Vice President to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, President pro tempore of the Senate, and then through the Cabinet secretaries in a sequence specified by Congress. Continuity of government plans are not limited to the federal government.
Government Plan means a plan or program mandated by Applicable Law and administered by a Governmental Entity, such as the Social Security Program in the United States.
Originally, there were five management functions, but management book authors have condensed them to four: planning, organizing, leading and controlling.
To meet the challenges of today's demanding business world, managers and key leaders use the four functions of business: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
The Most Important Business Function
- Human Resource Management. The main purpose of human resources is to be able to provide the necessary people for the job at the right time.
- Financial Management.
- Operations Management.
- Marketing Management.
The types of core business function are Human Resources,Sales and Marketing,Research and Development ,Production/Operations,consumer Service,Finance and Accounts and Administration and IT (Brown, 2008).
Small businesses contribute to local economies by bringing growth and innovation to the community in which the business is established. Small businesses also help stimulate economic growth by providing employment opportunities to people who may not be employable by larger corporations.
Business functions are determined by analyzing data and organizational structure, the company's line of business, business processes, and any other relevant information. Business functions and organization structure are not necessarily related.
The Critical Business Functions or CBF are business activities and processes that must be restored in the event of a disruption to ensure the ability to protect the organization's assets, meet organizational needs, and satisfy regulations.
A critical function is a service or a collection of services normally performed by a unit that must continue at a sufficient level without interruption or restart within given timeframes (within the first 30 days) after a disruption to the service.
The 4 phases of a business continuity plan
- Initial response.
- Relocation.
- Recovery.
- Restoration.
DD Form 2365 includes an option to designate NCE status of employees. The key difference between E-E and NCE designations is that E-E includes all types of contingency missions even those in support of combat operations and NCE includes everything other than combat operations.
The Continuity Program Cycle is a four-step process: planning; tests, training and exercises; evaluations; and corrective action plans.
(1) Commander/Director or designated representative will activate COOP plan in part or whole, depending on the disruption or threat. (2) In the event employees must evacuate a department for a day or two, implement the communications component of a COOP plan and IT recovery of data and systems.
Continuity of Government (COG) by definition is the provision of the full range of governmental services of the three branches of government (judicial, legislative, and executive) at all levels (federal, state, and local).
Types of records
- Correspondence records. Correspondence records may be created inside the office or may be received from outside the office.
- Accounting records. The records relating to financial transactions are known as financial records.
- Legal records.
- Personnel records.
- Progress records.
- Miscellaneous records.
In 36 CFR 1223, Essential Records are defined as “[R]ecords an agency needs to meet operational responsibilities under national security emergencies or other emergency conditions (emergency operating records) or to protect the legal and financial rights of the Government and those affected by Government activities (
Records have four primary values—administrative, fiscal, legal, and historical—and it is important to remember that a record often has more than one of these values at any time. In addition, records can also have intrinsic value.
Some of the most significant record types are:
- Property records - title deeds and settlements.
- Accounting papers - including rentals, vouchers, surveys and valuations.
- Legal papers.
- Inventories.
- Correspondence.
- Enclosure papers.
- Manorial papers - court rolls, custumals, terriers, surveys etc.
- Personal and political papers.
In order to achieve the above mentioned objectives, record keeping must have the following essentials:
- Simplicity: Here should be simplicity in record-keeping.
- Accuracy: Records should be preserved accurately so as to reduce the chances of errors and frauds.
- Economy:
- Usefulness:
There are two main ways in which business records can be kept: manual record keeping and computerized (or automated) record keeping. Read on to learn how these systems work and the pros and cons of each.
Steps to Recordkeeping Method
- Identifying the transactions.
- Recording in the journal.
- Classifying the nature of the transaction.
- Posting to ledger.
- Balancing of accounts.
- Preparing a financial statement.
- Interpreting the financial statements.
- Communicating it to stakeholders.
You need good records to monitor the progress of your business. Records can show whether your business is improving, which items are selling, or what changes you need to make. Good records can increase the likelihood of business success.
Primary Mission Essential Functions (PMEFs) are those functions that need to be continuous or resumed within 12 hours after an event and maintained for up to 30 days or until normal operations can be resumed. PMEFs are validated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) National Community Coordinator.
