The phases of guidanceIn general, a guidance and counselling process is divided in five phases: Attending, Exploring, Understanding/goal setting, Intervention, and Finalisation.
The comprehensive school guidance and counseling program targets four main areas of development:
- Academic – learning to learn.
- Career – learning to work.
- Personal/Social – learning to live.
- Community Involvement – learning to contribute.
Career guidance is the guidance given to individuals to help them acquire the knowledge, information, skills, and experience necessary to identify career options, and narrow them down to make one career decision. This career decision then results in their social, financial and emotional well-being throughout.
Career guidance help students understand their strengths and weaknesses and then match them with their skills and interest so that they get the best suitable career choice. One wrong choice can not only cost a lot of money but also amount to waste of some precious years.
Types of Guidance – Educational, Vocational, Personal
- Educational Guidance. It refers to that guidance that a child or students need during his school life.
- Vocational Guidance. It refers to that type of guidance in which ordinary information is provided regarding choosing the occupation.
- Personal Guidance.
It is possible to distinguish three areas of concern within the guidance counselling, namely:
- Educational.
- Vocational.
- Personal/Social Guidance and Counselling.
Need of Organizing Guidance Services:(i) It helps the teachers to take note of potentialities of each student in different degree in different direction. (ii) It helps the students and their parents to make right and appropriate career plans for future.
The study established that the major roles of the schools principals in provision of guidance and counselling services in school were: recommending and supporting in-service training for guidance and counselling teachers, ensuring that there is a trained teacher for the counselling in the school; ensuring that the
The first goal of child guidance is to help children learn social skills that will enable them to get along with other people. The second aim is to maintain classrooms in which each child can feel secure and comfortable while learning.
Principles of Guidance
- Principle of all-round development of the individual.
- The principle of human uniqueness.
- Principle of holistic development.
- The principle of cooperation.
- The principle of continuity.
- The principle of extension.
- The principle of elaboration.
- The principle of adjustment.
Guidance is regarded as a con- tinuous process that should help young people become more con- scious of their abilities, interests and possibilities, thus enabling them to make decisions regard- ing education and employment on a qualified basis.
Further, counselors often help students:
- Maintain academic standards and set goals for academic success.
- Develop skills to improve organization, study habits, and time management.
- Work through personal problems that may affect academics or relationships.
- Improve social skills.
These elements include; the role of the school counsellor, goals of counselling, qualities of a good counsellor, the knowledge and skills of the counsellor, availability of resources, supervision, workshops and seminars.
It is believed that guidance and counselling services in school shall develop, assess and improve educational programmes; enhance teaching and improve the competence of the teacher and reduce cost for the children.
There are three types of curriculum: (1) explicit (stated curriculum), (2) hidden (unofficial curriculum), and (3) absent or null ( excluded curriculum).
The five basic types of curriculum are Traditional, Thematic, Programmed, Classical, and Technological.
There are four different types of curricula that educators have to address in the classroom; these four are the explicit, implicit, null, and extracurricular.
?The purpose of the curriculum is encapsulated in the four capacities - to enable each child or young person to be a successful learner, a confident individual, a responsible citizen and an effective contributor.
PHASE I: PLANNING
- (1) Identify Issue/Problem/Need.
- (2) Form Curriculum Development Team.
- (3) Conduct Needs Assessment and Analysis.
- (4) State Intended Outcomes.
- (5) Select Content.
- (6) Design Experiential Methods.
- (7) Produce Curriculum Product.
- (8) Test and Revise Curriculum.
Any curriculum consists of several components: goals, disposition, duration, needs analysis, learners and teachers, exercises and activities, resources, ways of learning, skills to be acquired, lexis, language structure, and ability assessment.
Syllabus-Curriculum Differences Chart BASIS FOR COMPARISON SYLLABUS CURRICULUM Meaning Syllabus is the document that contains all the portion of the concepts covered in a subject. Curriculum is the overall content, taught in an educational system or a course. Origin Syllabus is a Greek term.
The Recommended Curriculum is the name given to the curriculum construed by the educational stakeholders at the national level. It is more general and usually consists of policy guidelines. It actually reflects the impact of “opinion shapers” such as: policy makers.
Learning to Build Your Curriculum
- Describe your vision, focus, objectives, and student needs.
- Identify resources.
- Develop experiences that meet your objectives.
- Collect and devise materials.
- Lock down the specifics of your task.
- Develop plans, methods, and processes.
- Create your students' experience.
- Go!
Hidden expectations, skill sets, knowledge, and social process can help or hinder student achievement and belief systems. A hidden curriculum refers to the unspoken or implicit values, behaviors, procedures, and norms that exist in the educational setting.
1) More Personalized LearningThe new curriculum provides teachers the freedom to spend more time on topics that students are interested in, with the flexibility to deeply explore connections between various disciplines.
