A child is said to be fully immunized if child receives all due vaccine as per national immunization schedule within 1st year age of child.
In most tuberculosis (TB) endemic countries, bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) is usually given around birth to prevent severe TB in infants. The neonatal immune system is immature. Our hypothesis was that delaying BCG vaccination from birth to 10 weeks of age would enhance the vaccine-induced immune response.
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination is compulsory in 64 countries and recommended in others [1]. Recently, the World Health Organization expanded programs of immunization recommended BCG at 3 months [2], while in many areas there is vaccination at birth [3], at school entry and in adolescence [4].
At this age, most kids should have had these recommended vaccines:
- four doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP) vaccine.
- three doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)
- three or four doses of Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine.
- one dose of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.
A national immunization programme (NIP) is the organizational component of Ministries of Health charged with preventing disease, disability, and death from vaccine-preventable diseases in children and adults. A NIP is a government programme that operates within the framework of overall health policy.
Immunization of infants with Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) can protect against TB meningitis and other severe forms of TB in children less than five years old. BCG vaccine is not recommended after 12 months of age because the protection provided is variable and less certain.
Full immunization was defined as a child aged 12–23 months who had received all the WHO recommended basic vaccines – one dose of BCG, three doses of DPT, three doses of polio, and one dose of measles vaccine. A child who missed at least one dose of those recommended vaccines was considered as not fully immunized.
How many vaccines do children get if the schedule is followed? Currently, 16 vaccines – some requiring multiple doses at specific ages and times – are recommended from birth to 18 years old.
If booster is delayed > 6 months the primary series must be repeated. > 6 yrs: every 2 years. If booster is delayed > 2 yrs the primary series must be repeated.
There is no upper limit for the number of vaccines that can be administered during one visit. ACIP and AAP consistently recommend that all needed vaccines be administered during an office visit.
Birth to 15 Months
| Vaccine | 2 mos | 15 mos |
|---|
| Rotavirus (RV) RV1 (2-dose series); RV5 (3-dose series) | 1st dose | |
| Diphtheria, tetanus, & acellular pertussis (DTaP: <7 yrs) | 1st dose | ←4th dose→ |
| Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) | 1st dose | ←3rd or 4th dose, See notes→ |
| Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13) | 1st dose | ←4th dose→ |
Learn which routine vaccines to expect at the 1-year visit.These immunizations are either given as one shot, known as MMR-V, or two, MMR and varicella. Your child will also receive the Hepatitis A vaccine, the first in a two-dose series.
At 4-6 years of age, your child should receive vaccines to protect them from the following diseases: Diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough (pertussis) (DTaP) (5th dose) Polio (IPV) (4th dose) Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) (2nd dose)
At 11-12 years old, your preteen should receive vaccines to protect them from the following diseases:
- Meningococcal disease (MenACWY) (one dose)
- HPV (two doses)
- Tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough (pertussis) (Tdap) (one dose)
- Influenza (Flu) (every year)
You need 2 doses of MMR vaccine if you have not already received them. MMR vaccine is usually given in childhood. Yes! All preteens and teens need 2 doses of MenACWY vaccine, the first at age 11–12 years and the second at age 16 years.
Vaccination protects against these 14 diseases, which used to be prevalent in the United States.
- #1. Polio. Polio is a crippling and potentially deadly infectious disease that is caused by poliovirus.
- #2. Tetanus.
- #3. The Flu (Influenza)
- #4. Hepatitis B.
- #5. Hepatitis A.
- #6. Rubella.
- #7. Hib.
- #8. Measles.
These six are the target diseases of WHO's Expanded Programme on Immuni- zation (EPI), and of UNICEF's Univer- sal Childhood Immunization (UCI); measles, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus and tuberculosis.
What vaccines will my 7-10 year old get? Everyone 6 months of age and older should get a flu vaccine every year. Although recommended for children ages 11-12, the HPV vaccine can be given as early as 9 to help protect both girls and boys from HPV infection and cancers caused by HPV.
Vaccines help protect against many diseases that used to be much more common. Examples include tetanus, diphtheria, mumps, measles, pertussis (whooping cough), meningitis, and polio. Many of these infections can cause serious or life-threatening illnesses and may lead to life-long health problems.
There are 2 vaccines that protect against chickenpox: The chickenpox vaccine protects children and adults from chickenpox. The MMRV vaccine protects children from measles, mumps, rubella, and chickenpox.
To date, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared only 2 diseases officially eradicated: smallpox caused by variola virus (VARV) and rinderpest caused by the rinderpest virus (RPV).
Which Vaccinations Do I Need?
- diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (called the Tdap vaccine)
- measles, mumps, rubella (the MMR vaccine)
- hepatitis A.
- hepatitis B.
- meningococcal disease (e.g., meningitis)
- human papillomavirus (HPV)
- varicella (chickenpox) if you have not had the disease.
- polio.
