Adults. Place the heel of your hand on the centre of the person's chest, then place the other hand on top and press down by 5 to 6cm (2 to 2.5 inches) at a steady rate of 100 to 120 compressions a minute. After every 30 chest compressions, give 2 rescue breaths.
Five main components of high-performance CPR have been identified: chest compression fraction (CCF), chest compression rate, chest compression depth, chest recoil (residual leaning), and ventilation.
For people that become trained lay providers of CPR, rescue breaths are still a critical part of their ability to perform CPR. They are still part of standardized layperson training. Normal breathing stops, except for occasional non-productive agonal gasps. This is the most common form of treatable cardiac arrest.
You should stop giving CPR to a victim if you experience signs of life. If the patient opens their eyes, makes a movement, sound, or starts breathing, you should stop giving compression. However, when you stop and the patient becomes uncurious again, you should resume CPR.
Basic life support (BLS) includes recognition of signs of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), heart attack, stroke, and foreign-body airway obstruction (FBAO); cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); and defibrillation with an automated external defibrillator (AED).
Method of 2-person CPR :For adultsLay the victim on a flat surface. Start the chest compressions with about 100 compressions per minute. After every 30 compressions, follow with breaths. Since two man compression has an extra person to help, one person can give the compressions while the second can give the breaths.
100 to 120 compressions a minute
Coordinate Chest Compressions and VentilationsA lone rescuer uses a compression-to-ventilation ratio of 30:2. For 2-rescuer infant and child CPR, one provider should perform chest compressions while the other keeps the airway open and performs ventilations at a ratio of 15:2.
Different Types of CPR & Life Saving Courses
- Basic Life Support CPR. A basic life support CPR class (or BLS) is for anyone wanting to obtain a CPR certification from the American Heart Association.
- Advanced Cardiac Life Support.
- Pediatric Advanced Life Support.
- Heartsaver First Aid & CPR.
A normal breath should be taken before each ventilation, followed by ventilation at a rate of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. A normal breath should be taken before each ventilation, followed by ventilation at a rate of 10 to 12 breaths per minute.
103104 The 4 universal steps of AED operation are as follows:
- Step 1: POWER ON the AED. The first step in operating an AED is to turn the power on.
- Step 2: Attach electrode pads.
- Step 3: Analyze the rhythm.
- Step 4: Clear the victim and press the SHOCK button.
How is CPR Performed? There are two commonly known versions of CPR: For healthcare providers and those trained: conventional CPR using chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth breathing at a ratio of 30:2 compressions-to-breaths.
The 5 Basic Steps of CPR
- How to Perform CPR (Rescue Breathing & Chest Compressions) on Adults, Children, and Infants.
- Step 1: Check for Breathing.
- Step 2: Call 911.
- Step 3: Adjust your Body to Perform Chest Compressions.
- Step 4: Perform Chest Compressions.
- Step 5: Wait for Help.
- Step 1: Check for Breathing.
- Step 2: Call 911.
One of the biggest changes in the guidelines – implemented in 2005 – was to move from 15 compressions/2 breaths (15:2) to 30:2. The intention was to increase the number of chest compressions delivered per minute and reduce interruptions in chest compressions.
The most important thing to remember when using an AED is to confirm that the victim is unresponsive, not breathing normally and pulseless. For all such victims in confirmed cardiac arrest, turn on the power, analyze, and the AED will coach you through the rest of the steps with visual and/or audio prompts.
Between the two versions, 2-rescuer CPR is better. Because one person is at the chest performing compressions and one person is at the head giving rescue breaths, it's not as tiring and there's less of a delay between compressions and breaths. Therefore, it's more efficient and it's more effective.
If the person is not breathing but has a pulse, give 1 rescue breath every 5 to 6 seconds or about 10 to 12 breaths per minute. If the person is not breathing and has no pulse and you are not trained in CPR, give hands-only chest compression CPR without rescue breaths.
100/120 compressions per minute
For rescue breathing, deliver 10 breaths per minute or one breath every six seconds. Each breath should last about one second; watch for the chest to ride to determine effectiveness. Avoid excessive ventilation.
During cardiopulmonary emergencies use supplemental oxy- gen as soon as it is available. Rescue breathing (ventilation using exhaled air) will deliver approximately 16% to 17% inspired oxygen concentration to the patient, ideally produc- ing an alveolar oxygen tension of 80 mm Hg.
