Answer: Emergence of bipolar world: 1. Two superpowers expanded their own spheres of influence in different parts of the world. It divided the world into two alliances namely Western and Eastern alliance headed by the US and Soviet Union respectively.
(iii) NAM is based on a resolve to democratise the international system. It provides an alternative world order to redress the existing inequalities. The above core ideas are still relevant today. NAM was considered a 'third option' by Third World countries.
The Cold War got its name because both sides were afraid of fighting each other directly. In a "hot war," nuclear weapons might destroy everything. So, instead, both sides fought each other indirectly.
The superpowers needed military alliances with smaller countries due to the following reasons: (i) To gain access to vital resources, such as oil and minerals. (ii) To gain access to territory, from where the superpowers could launch their weapons and troops.
The significance of the end of the cold war was to bring down the use of nuclear weapons. It signified the end of an arms race between United Sates and USSR. Explanation: A cold war was significantly between the the two main nations United States and USSR who were in a situation of conflict.
Inspite of the fact that the two superpowers with their nuclear weapons and regular armies were stronger than all the power of the smaller states, they tried to influence the smaller nations due to the followingreasons : The Cold War produced an arms race as well as arms control.
Allies wanted to remain with one of the superpowers to stand still in the world economy and get the benefits in case of emergency or trade purpose. The superpowers wanted to bring other countries into their camps just to control them, use their resources, and to spread their influence in the world.
What do you think about the statement that Nam has become irrelevant today. Give reasons to support your opinion. Answer: NAM stressed on the idea that it is not necessary for small and poor countries in the world to follow any powerful country if they are able to follow any independent foreign policy.
Two arenas of Cold War:
- The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in 1962.
- There were direct confrontations between the two superpowers in Korea (1950-53), Berlin (1958-62) and the Congo (early 1960s).
Arenas of the Cold War were as given below : (i) The Cuban Missile crisis took place in 1962. (ii) The two superpowers came into direct confrontations in Korea (1950-53), Berlin (1958-62) and theCongo (The early 1960s). Results : (i) Many people died in arenas like Korea, Vietnam and Afghanistan.
In June 1950, the USSR took the first military action of the Cold War when the Soviet-backed North Korean People's Army invaded its pro-Western neighbor to the south. Other international disputes followed, including the Bay of Pigs invasion of 1961 and the Cuban Missile Crisis the following year.
Answer: India's response during the Cold War as the leader of NAM was twofold: It took extreme care in staying away from the two alliances. It raised its voice against newly independent nations becoming part of the two blocs.
The Berlin Blockade of 1948, the Korean War, the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Cuban Revolution, the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Berlin Crisis of 1961, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Vietnam War, the Yom Kippur War, the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the Soviet War in Afghanistan, the
Why was the Cuban missile crisis such an important event in the Cold War? In the late 1950s, both the United States and the Soviet Union were developing intercontinental ballistic missiles. In 1962 the Soviet Union began to secretly install missiles in Cuba to launch attacks on U.S. cities.
India's foreign policy towards the US and USSR during the Cold War era was as given below : (i) It stayed away from the two alliances. (ii) It raised its voice against the newly decolonised countries from becoming part of these alliances.
The Non-Aligned Movement was founded and held its first conference (the Belgrade Conference) in 1961 under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, and Sukarno of Indonesia.
“President Reagan's strategy to accelerate the demise of the Soviet Union consisted of five pillars: economic, political, military, ideological, and moral.
The Cold War shaped American foreign policy and political ideology, impacted the domestic economy and the presidency, and affected the personal lives of Americans creating a climate of expected conformity and normalcy. By the end of the 1950's, dissent slowly increased reaching a climax by the late 1960's.
Cold War
- Suez Crisis.
- Collapse of the Soviet Union.
- The 1950s.
- Bay of Pigs Invasion.
- Fidel Castro.
- Red Scare.
- The Space Race.
- Berlin Blockade.
Causes of the Cold War in 1945
- * American fear of communist attack.
- * Truman's dislike of Stalin.
- * USSR's fear of the American's atomic bomb.
- * USSR's dislike of capitalism.
- * USSR's actions in the Soviet zone of Germany.
- * America's refusal to share nuclear secrets.
- * USSR's expansion west into Eastern Europe + broken election promises.
Historians have identified several causes that led to the outbreak of the Cold War, including: tensions between the two nations at the end of World War II, the ideological conflict between both the United States and the Soviet Union, the emergence of nuclear weapons, and the fear of communism in the United States.
The Cold War was the most important political issue of the early postwar period. It grew out of longstanding disagreements between the Soviet Union and the United States. Reduced trade barriers, it was believed, would promote economic growth at home and abroad, and bolster stability with U.S. friends and allies.
The Berlin Blockade of 1948 to 1949 marked the beginning of the Cold War, the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961 represented the high point of tensions and the opening of the Wall in 1989 represented the end of Cold War tensions.
Cold War Timeline
| Chronology of the Cold War | Date |
|---|
| United States, France, Britain and the Soviet Union occupy zones of Berlin. | 3rd July, 1945 |
| Potsdam Conference begins in Germany. | 17th July, 1945 |
| United States Army Air Force drops atom bomb on Hiroshima. | 6th August, 1945 |
The top 3 events that escalated the tensions between USA and USSR were the Korean War, U2 incident and Russia exploding its first atomic bomb. When north Korea invaded the South Korea, they got help from USSR and China. The US even sent troops in South Korea to help them fight for their liberty.
Multiple proxy wars stood in for actual conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. The Korean War, Vietnam War, and a number of other armed conflicts, during which both sides either funded one side of the war or fought directly against a communist or capitalist force, are all considered Cold War proxies.
A cold war is a state of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions, propaganda, acts of espionage or proxy wars waged by surrogates. This term is most commonly used to refer to the Soviet–American Cold War of 1947–1991.
United States military casualties of war
| War or conflict | Date | Total U.S. deaths |
|---|
| Total |
|---|
| U.S.S.R. Cold War | 1947–1991 | 32 |
| China Cold War | 1950–1972 | 16 |
| Vietnam War | 1955–1975 | 58,209 |
The Cold War started because Europe lost power at the end of World War II. This left the Soviet Union and the United States competing for economic and military rule. Both countries believed their policies were the best and ultimately wanted all others to follow.
During 1989 and 1990, the Berlin Wall came down, borders opened, and free elections ousted Communist regimes everywhere in eastern Europe. In late 1991 the Soviet Union itself dissolved into its component republics. With stunning speed, the Iron Curtain was lifted and the Cold War came to an end.
