1.2 ANATOMICAL PLANES
The anatomical planes are four imaginary flat surfaces or planes that pass through the body in the anatomical position. They are the median plane, sagittal planes, coronal (frontal) planes and horizontal (transverse) planes (figure 2). Anatomical descriptions are also based on these planes.The dorsal body cavity is located along the dorsal (posterior) surface of the human body, where it is subdivided into the cranial cavity housing the brain and the spinal cavity housing the spinal cord. It is one of the two main body cavities, along with the ventral body cavity.
The nine regions are smaller than the four abdominopelvic quadrants and include the right hypochondriac, right lumbar, right illiac, epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric (or pubic), left hypochondriac, left lumbar, and left illiac divisions.
2 Anatomy. The human body is roughly apportionable into five big regions: head, neck, torso, upper extremity and lower extremity. The topographic anatomy subdivides this regions further into smaller subregions (see chart below).
Dorsal: Relating to the back or posterior of a structure. As opposed to the ventral, or front, of the structure. Some of the dorsal surfaces of the body are the back, buttocks, calves, and the knuckle side of the hand.
The contents of the axilla region include muscles, nerves, vasculature and lymphatics: Axillary artery (and branches) – the main artery supplying the upper limb. It is commonly referred as having three parts; one medial to the pectoralis minor, one posterior to pectoralis minor, and one lateral to pectoralis minor.
Any of the subdivisions of the abdomen, including the right or left hypochondriac, the right or left lateral, the right or left inguinal, and the epigastric, umbilical, or pubic regions.
The dorsal body cavity includes the cranial cavity, enclosed by the skull and contains the brain, and the spinal cavity, enclosed by the spine and contains the spinal cord The ventral body cavity includes the thoracic cavity, enclosed by the ribcage and contains the lungs and heart; and the abdominopelvic cavity.
Dorsal: When used in reference to the nervous system, dorsal refers to the back when discussing the spinal cord. However, above the junction of the midbrain and diencephalon, dorsal refers instead to the upper or superior portion of the brain.
The brain is superior to the spinal cord in people, but in quadrupeds the brain is anterior (forward in motion) to the spinal cord. "Dorsal" means "in the direction away from the ridge of the human back or its equivalent in other animals.
Thinking and voluntary movements begin in the cortex. The brain stem is between the spinal cord and the rest of the brain. Basic functions like breathing and sleep are controlled here. The basal ganglia are a cluster of structures in the center of the brain.
The brain is superior to the spinal cord in people, but in quadrupeds the brain is anterior (forward in motion) to the spinal cord. "Dorsal" means "in the direction away from the ridge of the human back or its equivalent in other animals.
Inferior or caudal - away from the head; lower (example, the foot is part of the inferior extremity). Posterior or dorsal - back (example, the shoulder blades are located on the posterior side of the body).
The medulla oblongata or simply medulla is a long stem-like structure which makes up part of the brainstem. It is anterior and partially inferior to the cerebellum. It is a cone-shaped neuronal mass responsible for autonomic (involuntary) functions ranging from vomiting to sneezing.
White matter is the tissue through which messages pass between different areas of gray matter within the central nervous system. The white matter is white because of the fatty substance (myelin) that surrounds the nerve fibers (axons).
Anterior (or ventral) Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body. The toes are anterior to the foot. Posterior (or dorsal) Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body.
ventral. The adjective ventral refers to the area on the body in the lower front, around the stomach area. The ventral area of anything, plant or animal, is its underside. In directional terms, the ventral side is the area forward from (or under) the spinal cord.
The dorsal (from Latin dorsum, meaning 'back') surface of an organism refers to the back, or upper side, of an organism. If talking about the skull, the dorsal side is the top. The ventral (from Latin venter, meaning 'belly') surface refers to the front, or lower side, of an organism.
Terms in this set (8)
- Body Cavaties. Essential function of body cavities:
- Serous Membranes. Line of body cavities and cover organs.
- Thoracic Cavity. Right and left pleural cavities (contain right and left lungs)
- Ventral body cavity (coelom)
- Abdominopelvic Cavity.
- Abdominopelvic cavity.
- Retroperitoneal space.
- Pelvic cavity.
Anterior or ventral - front (example, the kneecap is located on the anterior side of the leg). Posterior or dorsal - back (example, the shoulder blades are located on the posterior side of the body).
Some of the terms of anatomic orientation are as follows: Anterior: The front, as opposed to the posterior. Anteroposterior: From front to back, as opposed to posteroanterior.
Anterior or ventral - front (example, the kneecap is located on the anterior side of the leg). Posterior or dorsal - back (example, the shoulder blades are located on the posterior side of the body).
It's easy to remember which term is which. The prefix 'ante' in anterior means 'before,' like when you 'ante' up prior to the start of a poker game or when someone is 'before' you in a lunch line, meaning they're actually in 'front' of you. Posterior means towards the back of the body.
The ventral body cavity is a human body cavity that is in the anterior (front) aspect of the human body. It is made up of the thoracic cavity, and the abdominopelvic cavity. The abdominal cavity contains digestive organs, the pelvic cavity contains the urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs, and rectum.
Anatomical terminology for body cavities: Humans have multiple body cavities, including the cranial cavity, the vertebral cavity, the thoracic cavity (containing the pericardial cavity and the pleural cavity), the abdominal cavity, and the pelvic cavity.
The cavities, or spaces, of the body contain the internal organs, or viscera. The two main cavities are called the ventral and dorsal cavities. The ventral is the larger cavity and is subdivided into two parts (thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities) by the diaphragm, a dome-shaped respiratory muscle.
The dorsal (from Latin dorsum, meaning 'back') surface of an organism refers to the back, or upper side, of an organism. If talking about the skull, the dorsal side is the top. The ventral (from Latin venter, meaning 'belly') surface refers to the front, or lower side, of an organism.
The dorsal cavity is a continuous cavity located on the dorsal side of the body. It houses the organs of the upper central nervous system, including the brain and the spinal cord. The meninges is a multi-layered membrane within the dorsal cavity that envelops and protects the brain and spinal cord.
Terms in this set (9)
- Body Cavities. Spaces that hold organs.
- Dorsal. One of the main body cavities.
- Cranial. holds the brain.
- Spinal. holds the spinal cord.
- Ventral. One of the main body cavities.
- Thoracic. holds the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.
- Abdominal. holds the organs of the digestive and urinary systems.
- Diaphragm.
The dorsal body cavity includes the cranial cavity, enclosed by the skull and contains the brain, and the spinal cavity, enclosed by the spine and contains the spinal cord The ventral body cavity includes the thoracic cavity, enclosed by the ribcage and contains the lungs and heart; and the abdominopelvic cavity.
The dorsal body cavity includes the cranial cavity, enclosed by the skull and contains the brain, and the spinal cavity, enclosed by the spine and contains the spinal cord The ventral body cavity includes the thoracic cavity, enclosed by the ribcage and contains the lungs and heart; and the abdominopelvic cavity.
Like most body cavities, the dorsal cavity protects what's inside by providing a cushion from damage and impacts with the environment and other organisms. The space around the brain and spinal column is filled with fluid, which acts as a buffer around the structures.
The posterior (dorsal) and anterior (ventral) cavities are each subdivided into smaller cavities. In the posterior (dorsal) cavity, the cranial cavity houses the brain, and the spinal cavity (or vertebral cavity) encloses the spinal cord.
