The Climate of Africa Short AnswerThe equator divides Africa in half from north to south. Being on the equator keeps Africa from experiencing winter like North America has.
From north to south — from the Sahara to the humid southern coast — West Africa can be subdivided into five broad east-west belts that characterize the climate and the vegetation. These are the bioclimatic zones known as the Saharan, Sahelian, Sudanian, Guinean, and Guineo-Congolian Regions, shown in the map above.
| 1. | Uganda | 1,295mm |
|---|
| 2. | Nigeria | 1,197mm |
| 3. | Ghana | 1,169mm |
| 4. | Rwanda | 1,164mm |
| 5. | Ethiopia | 1,158mm |
It can be divided into two zones, the Sudanic savanna and the Guinea Coast. The savanna area stretches for some 3,000 miles (4,800 km) east to west along the southern Saharan borderland. Its vegetation consists of extensive grasslands and few forests, and little rain falls there.
Northern Africa is one of the driest regions on Earth, home to the Sahara desert, the largest hot desert in the world. This extremely dry region, where it's not uncommon to have no rain for over a year in some places was once a tropical humid area.
Crops grow best where temperature, rainfall and climate are optimal for that specific crop.
Today, Africa remains the poorest and least-developed continent in the world. Hunger, poverty, terrorism, local ethnic and religious conflicts, corruption and bribery, disease outbreaks – this was Africa's story until the early 2000s.
The African continent is particularly vulnerable to climate change and environmental degradation. Food security, sustainable water supply and extreme weather phenomena (floods, drought desertification) are major issues that require an African-EU joint effort.
Africa has five main kinds of ecosystems: coastal environments, deserts and semideserts, mountain environments, savanna grasslands, and forests. Each ecosystem has its typical environment and climate, and the people who live there have adapted to its conditions and learned to use its resources. The fuel being burned causes great emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Because of the increased Urbanization in Africa, people are burning more and more fuel and using more vehicles for transportation. Indoor air pollution is widespread, mostly from the burning of coal in the kitchen for cooking.
With the use of camels trade routes began to form between cities across the Sahara Desert. Islamic traders entered the region and began to trade for gold and slaves from Western Africa. The trade routes remained an important part of the African economy throughout the Middle Ages until the 1500s.
Africa faces serious environmental challenges, including land degradation, deforestation, biodiversity loss and extreme vulnerability to climate change.
There are three main environmental issues in South Africa - pollution, lack of energy, and deforestation ("Environmental Problems in South Africa"). The first issue is pollution - as it is a source of many of the environmental issues present such as climate change, and air pollution.
The conversion of forest land to agriculture, both subsistence and commercial, is by far the most common and most destructive cause of deforestation in Africa and other tropical regions.
The region of West Africa includes the southern portion of the bulge of the continent, which extends westward to the Atlantic Ocean. This region is bisected by the African Transition Zone, which borders the southern edge of the Sahara Desert. The main physical features include the Sahara Desert and the Niger River.
The ten poorest countries in Africa, with their GDP per capita, are:
Somalia ($500) Central African Republic ($681)
Poorest Countries In Africa 2021.
| Country | Central African Republic |
|---|
| GDP (IMF '19) | $2.29 Bn |
|---|
| GDP (UN '16) | $1.81 Bn |
|---|
| Per Capita | $1.81 Bn |
|---|
10 poorest countries in Africa in 2020
- South Sudan. GDP per capita: $237.44.
- Burundi. GDP per capita: $292.01.
- Malawi. GDP per capita: $338.48.
- Niger. GDP per capita: $378.06.
- The Central African Republic. GDP per capita: $418.41.
- Madagascar. GDP per capita: $ 449.7.
- The Democratic Republic of Congo. GDP per capita: $462.78.
- Somalia.
The king of Ghana spread his power through trade. Gold, ivory, and slaves were bartered for salt from the Arabs. Horses, cloth, swords and books were bartered from North Africans and Europeans. Ghana achieved much of its wealth by trading with the Arabs.
Africa is a resource-rich continent. Recent growth has been due to growth in sales in commodities, services, and manufacturing. West Africa, East Africa, Central Africa and Southern Africa in particular, are expected to reach a combined GDP of $29 trillion by 2050.
| West Africa |
|---|
| Total GDP (nominal) | US$655.93485 billion (2013) |
| Total GDP (nominal) per capita | US$1,929.22 (2013) |
| Currency | show List |
| Largest cities | Lagos, Nigeria Abidjan, Ivory Coast Accra, Ghana Onitsha, Nigeria Abuja, Nigeria Kano, Nigeria Ibadan, Nigeria Kumasi, Ghana Port Harcourt, Nigeria |
Nowhere in the world has been blessed with the same kind of natural beauty and diversity as West Africa. Within a short distance of one another, and often even within the same country, you can find glorious coastline, wild jungles, epic waterways, endless savannahs, dessert and towering mountains.
West Africa is famous for its cultural diversity and rich history. Unique mud architecture and landscapes dominate Niger and Mali's major sights. Slave forts on Goree Island and along Ghana's coast attract many visitors.
Close to half of all West Africans are Muslim and it's very much a north–south divide: the countries of the Sahel and Sahara are predominantly Muslim, while Christianity is more widespread in the southern coastal countries.
Western Africa (17) - Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte D'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo.
The GambiaDespite being the smallest country in Africa, The Gambia is regarded as West Africa's best-kept secret. Surrounded by golden beaches backed by swaying palms sprinkled with scenic lagoons, an abundance of wildlife, vibrant history and culture, it offers visitors an opportunity to get in touch with nature.
Chad, Mali, Mauritania and the Niger are by far the largest countries of West Africa, with a total land area accounting for almost 65 percent of the subregion, although mostly desert.
Chapter 14. West Africa.
| Country/area | Mali |
|---|
| Forest area 2000 | 13 186 |
|---|
| 10.8 |
| 1.2 |
| Area change 1990-2000 (total forest) | -99 |
|---|
There are many different sorts of exports that come out of Western Africa. The most common crops are peanuts, sorghum, cotton, rice, cassava, coffee, and livestock. One of the most important crops for countries like Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana is cacao, which is grown in the fertile soil of the wet areas.
